КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4 ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ Вариант №1
Минск 2016
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите, является ли подчеркнутая форма инфинитивом, причастием или герундием. Переведите письменно предложения на русский язык. Example: The falling water has kinetic energy. Falling – Причастие I. Падающая вода обладает кинетической энергией.
1. To recognize a substance it isn’t necessary to examine all its properties. – Инфинитив – Необязательно исследовать все свойства вещества, чтобы его распознать. 2. The kinetic theory of gases assumes a gas to be made up of particles moving about with random motion. – Инфинитив, Причастие I – Согласно кинетической теории газов газ состоит из частиц, движущихся в хаотичном порядке. 3. Vacuum tubes are known to have been the principal building blocks of electronic circuits until 1955. – Причастие II, причастие I – Известно, что до 1955 вакуумные лампы были главной составляющей электронных цепей. 4. The engineers were glad to have obtained such good results. – Инфинитив – Инженеры были рады добиться таких хороших результатов.
II. Раскройте скобки, используя Participle I или Participle II. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Example: (Heat) magnet loses some of its magnetism. – Heated magnet loses some of its magnetism.
1. Central (process) unit – is the heart of the processor. – Central processing unit – is the heart of the processor. – Центральный обрабатывающий блок – это сердце процессора. 2. They saw new types of machine-tools at one of the plants (visit). – They saw new types of machine-tools at one of the plants visited. – Они видели новые виды станков на одном из заводов, которые посетили. 3. We need highly (develop) electronics and new materials to make supercomputers. – We need highly developed electronics and new materials to make supercomputers. – Нам нужна высокоразвитая электроника и новые материалы для того, чтобы создавать суперкомпьютеры. 4. This (vary) current is carried along a wire to a receiver. – This varied current is carried along a wire to a receiver. – Переменный ток поступает к приемнику по проводу.
III. Перефразируйте данные сложные предложения, употребив независимый причастный оборот. Переведите письменно полученные предложения. Example: As the weather was fine, we went for a walk. – The weather being fine, we went for a walk. – Так как погода была хорошая, мы пошли гулять.
1. When temperature rises, more and more electrons in the valence band acquire sufficient energy to break bonds. – The temperature rising, more and more electrons in the valence band acquire sufficient energy to break bonds. – При повышении температуры все больше и больше электронов в валентной зоне получают достаточно энергии для преодоления ее границ. 2. As the temperature reached the boiling point, the heater was switched off. – The temperature reaching the boiling point, the heater was switched off. – Нагреватель выключился как только температура достигла точки кипения. 3. If the resistance is very high, the current in the circuit is very low. – The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit is very low. – При очень высоком сопротивлении ток в цепи очень низок.
IV. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения. Определите, к какому типу условного предложения относится каждое из них. Переведите письменно предложение. Example: Ice will turn into water if you heat it. – Условное предложение I типа. – Лед превратится в воду, если его нагревать.
1. If a solid body or a liquid is heated, it will usually expand. – Условное предложение I типа – Если твердое тело или жидкость нагревать, они расширяются. 2. If the Earth were as hot as Venus, the oceans would vapour. – Условное предложение II типа – Если бы Земля была такой же горячей как Венера, океаны бы испарились. 3. Marconi wouldn’t have succeeded to transmit his first transoceanic message if he had attempted to transmit an entire sentence. – Условное предложение III типа – Маркони не удалась бы его первая трансатлантическая передача послания, если бы он попытался передать целое предложение. 4. All this activity would be impossible if tens of thousands of networks were not connected to the Internet. – Условное предложение III типа – Вся эта деятельность была бы невозможна, если бы десятки тысяч сетей не были подключены к Интернету.
Работа над текстом.
I. Read the text. Then read the titles. Which of the following titles is the best?
4. The Robotics Revolution.
II. Read the text again. Choose the best sentence from the list below to complete each gap. Many of the robots in use today do jobs that are especially difficult for human workers. These are the types of jobs that require great strength or pose danger. 1 ____. A welding tool used by a human worker weighs about 100 pounds or more and is difficult to handle. As mechanical supermen, robots may be called upon to do anything from moving heavy components between workstations on a factory floor to carrying bags of cement. Spay painting is another task suited to robots because robots do not need to breathe. 2 ____. Robots are better at this task, not because they are faster or cheaper than humans, but because they work in a place where humans cannot. Third in the list of useful jobs for robots is the assembly of electronic parts. Robots shine at installing chips in printed circuit boards because of a capability that robots have that people don’t. 3 ____. This automatic accuracy is particularly valuable in this kind of industry because locating and fixing mistakes is costly. Earlier robots were usually blind and deaf but newer types of robots are fitted with video cameras and other sensing devices that can detect heat, texture, size, and sound. 4 ____. In their efforts to expand the range of robotic applications, researchers are looking beyond traditional designs to examine a variety of potential models from the biological world. The industrial arm is a classic example. Scientists have been able to model robots to imitate the vertebrate spine of a snake in order to paint the interior of automobiles. 5 ____. The challenge of equipping robots with the skills to operate independently, outside of a factory or laboratory, has made heavy demands on the ingenuity and creativity of academic, military, and industrial scientists for years. Simply put, robot hands — like robot legs, or eyes, or reasoning powers – have a long way to go before they can approach what biological evolution has achieved over the course of hundreds of millions of years. Much more will have to happen in laboratories around the world before robots can be compared to nature’s handwork. In the meantime, the robotics revolution is already beginning to change the kind of work that people do. The boring and dangerous jobs are now performed by robots. By the turn of the century, more and more humans will be required for tasks that machines cannot do.
1____c) For example, robots are particularly useful in the auto-manufacturing industry where parts of automobiles must be welded together. 2___b) Unlike human painters, they are unaffected by the poisonous fumes. 3___e) A robot, once properly programmed, will not put a chip in the wrong place. 4___a) These robots are used in space projects, nuclear reactor stations, and underwater exploration research. 5___d) They have simulated the muscle structure and movement of an elephant’s trunk in an attempt to create a robotic arm capable of lifting heavy objects.
III. Choose the best answer to these questions according to the text. 1. What kind of job do robots do today? c) They usually do the types of jobs, which are very dangerous and require great strength. 2. Why do robots do very well at installing chips in printed circuit boards? c) Because robots have the ability to put a chip in the proper place if they are once programmed properly. 3. Where do researchers try to find examples of potential models? c) in the biological world. 4. What do researchers try to teach robots to do? a) They try to teach robots to operate independently, outside of a factory or laboratory. 5. What kind of jobs will more and more humans be required for by the end of the century? c) for jobs which only humans can do.
IV. Here are some dictionary definitions of words from the text. Each word has more than one definition. Choose the definition that fits each of the words in the text best.
1. examine a) if you examine something, you look at it or consider it carefully. 2. model b) if a system is used as a model, people copy it in order to achieve similar results. 3. handle b) if you handle something, you hold it and move it about in your hands. 4. assembly b) the assembly of a machine or device is the process of fitting its parts together.
V. Find words and expressions which mean the same as the following. 1. manipulate – handle 2. correcting – repair 3. expensive – dear 4. increase – enlarge 5. copy – imitate
