Задание 1 Укажите номера предложений, в которых окончание «-s» является показателем: a) множественного числа имени существительного; b) притяжательного падежа имени существительного; c) глагола в 3-м лице ед. числа Present Simple. 1. The computer uses this information to determine where the stylus is. 2. The computer’s LCD screen is covered by a sheet of glass with a transparent conductive coating. 3. Users input data by printing individual letters directly on the screen.
Answer: a) 3 b) 2 c) 1
Задание 2. Укажите номера предложений, в которых указательные местоимения this, these, that, those выступают как заместители ранее упомянутых существительных. Назовите эти существительные. 1. A work generated by a computer may resemble that of a certain artist in both style and form. 2. The simplest materials are those which have only one kind of atoms. 3. The robots became so intelligent that they revolted.
Answer: 1. work 2. materials
Задание 3. Укажите номера предложений, в которых встречаются сравнительные конструкции, имеющие значение: a) такой же, … как; b) не такой, … как; с) чем; d) чем … тем. 1. The new machines were smaller and less expensive than earler models. 2. The greater the number of free electrons in a substance, the better this substance conducts electricity. 3.There are several advantages in making computers as small as one can. 4. A bike isn’t as safe as a car.
Answer: a) 3 b) 4 c) 1 d) 2
Задание 4. Read the text. Then read the titles. Which of the following titles is the best? 1. Robots and Their Masters. 2. Robots in Education. 3. Robots in Medicine. 4. Robots: Past, Present and Future.
Answer: 4. Robots: Past, Present and Future.
Задание 5. Read the text again. Choose the best sentence from the list below to complete each gap. 1. The word ‘robot’ was invented by the Czech playwright, Karel Čapek. It comes from the Czech word for ‘work’. In Čapek’s play RUR (Rossum’s Universal Robots), which came to London in 1921, the robots became so intelligent and so disillusioned with their human masters that they revolted. They destroyed the humans and created a new world inhabited only by robots. 1____. 2. In 1954, the American inventor George Devol began work that eventually led to the industrial robot as we know it today. 2____. Since then, many companies have entered the robotics market. 3. Between 1967 and 1969, researchers at the Stanford Research Institute in the United States developed a robot with wheels named Shakey. Shakey was fitted with bump detectors, a sonar range finder, and a TV camera. 3____. However, at the time, Shakey was thought to be a failure. This was because it could only be controlled by a separate mainframe computer, which sent its commands to the robot through a radio channel. 4. The next important step was the development of robots with legs. In 1967, the General Electric Corporation had developed a four- wheeled machine for the US Department of Defense. The machine carried a human operator who had to control each of the four legs. 4____. 5. Later devices were more successful – for example, a four-legged robot developed at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1980. This system combined a human controller with automatic processing of information about the terrain, right down to the foot movements needed to ensure smooth movement. 6. In 1983, a six-legged robot was developed by Odetics Incorporated, for commercial production. 5____. This machine could walk over obstacles and lift loads several times its own weight. 7. Meanwhile, research continues on machines that rely on one or two legs. In 1984, Marc Raibert developed one-legged hopping robots at Carnegie Mellon University in the USA.
a. His company, the Unimation Company, developed flexible industrial machines and began to market them in the early sixties. b. This was an extremely difficult job for the driver, and the machine regularly became unbalanced and fell over. c. A battery-powered model, Odex I, used a radio channel for leg control and a video link for conveying images. d. All three helped Shakey to move freely and avoid obstacles. e. This theme of ungrateful robots rebelling against their human creator is one that has been used by many science fiction writers.
Answer: 1 e. This theme of ungrateful robots rebelling against their human creator is one that has been used by many science fiction writers.
2 a. His company, the Unimation Company, developed flexible industrial machines and began to market them in the early sixties.
3 d. All three helped Shakey to move freely and avoid obstacles.
4 b. This was an extremely difficult job for the driver, and the machine regularly became unbalanced and fell over.
5 c. A battery-powered model, Odex I, used a radio channel for leg control and a video link for conveying images.
Задание 6. Choose the best answer to these questions according to the text. 1. Who invented the word ‘robot’? a) American scientists, b) Czech scientists, c) the Czech playwright. 2. When did George Devol begin his work that led to the industrial robot? a) in 1921, b) in 1954, c) in 1967. 3. Where was a robot with wheels named Shakey developed? a) in the UK, b) in the USA, c) in Canada. 4. What corporation developed robots with legs? a) the British Broadcasting Corporation, b) Xerox Corporation, c) the General Electric Corporation. 5. What kind of robot was developed by Odetics Incorporated? a) a one — legged hopping robot, b) a four — legged robot, c) a six — legged robot. Answer: 1 c 2 b 3 b 4 c 5 c
Задание 7. Translate paragraphs 3 and 4 into Russian.
Between 1967 and 1969, researchers at the Stanford Research Institute in the United States developed a robot with wheels named Shakey. Shakey was fitted with bump detectors, a sonar range finder, and a TV camera. All three helped Shakey to move freely and avoid obstacles. However, at the time, Shakey was thought to be a failure. This was because it could only be controlled by a separate mainframe computer, which sent its commands to the robot through a radio channel. The next important step was the development of robots with legs. In 1967, the General Electric Corporation had developed a four- wheeled machine for the US Department of Defense. The machine carried a human operator who had to control each of the four legs. This was an extremely difficult job for the driver, and the machine regularly became unbalanced and fell over.
Между 1967 и 1969 исследователи в Стэнфордском Научно-исследовательском институте в Соединенных Штатах разработали робота с колесами под названием Shakey. Shakey был оснащен детекторами удара, ультразвуковым датчиком расстояния и телевизионной камерой. Все три помогали Shakey свободно двигаться и избегать препятствий. Однако на тот момент Shakey сочли провалом. Это произошло потому, что роботом мог управлять только отдельный мэйнфреймовый компьютер, который отправлял команды роботу посредством радиоканала. Следующим важным шагом была разработка роботов с ногами. В 1967 корпорация General Electric разработала четырехколесную машину для Министерства обороны США. Машина перевозила человека-оператора, который должен был управлять каждой из четырех ног. Это было чрезвычайно трудно для водителя, и машина регулярно теряла равновесия и падала.
